The Pharmaceutical Journal Vol 264 No 7079 p87
January 15, 2000 Clinical

Nutritional value of supplements

For undernourished people who do not gain weight despite dietary changes, oral nutritional supplements may be of use, according to Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (1999;37:93). However, there is no clear evidence to say which supplement, or the timing or frequency at which it is given, is most likely to improve weight or function. The bulletin says that undernourished people tend to feel unwell and are more likely than well-nourished people to consult their doctor, need medication or be admitted to hospital. Once in hospital, they have a higher than average risk of developing complications, such as infections or pressure sores.

Community pharmacists could identify individuals who are at risk

It reports that, in a systematic review, oral nutritional supplements (eg, Ensure, Fortisip and Complan) were shown to increase total energy intake. Weight gain was greater in patients with a lower body mass index. Stopping supplements tended to result in reduced energy intake and weight loss. The bulletin recommends that supplements should be provided in a variety of flavours and forms (including frozen, to make ice cream) and that patients have an adequate fluid intake.
One in six elderly people living in residential or nursing homes are at significant risk of being undernourished compared with one in 17 of those living at home, the bulletin says.
It suggests that community pharmacists can help identify individuals who are, or are at risk of becoming, undernourished and can provide general dietary advice.