Galantamine, a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease, is expected to be available at the end of the year. European marketing approval for the drug was granted on July 12. Galantamine (Reminyl) is being jointly developed by Shire Pharmaceuticals and Janssen-Cilag and will be marketed in the UK by Shire. Shire says that the drug has a novel, dual mechanism of action. It blocks acetylcholinesterase in the brain and may also have an action on nicotinic receptors. The result is an increased level of acetylcholine in the brain. Decreased levels of acetylcholine are seen in Alzheimer's disease.
According to Shire, phase III studies showed that galantamine significantly improved cognitive, functional and behavioural symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The beneficial effects on cognitive function and daily activity were maintained for 12 months. Adverse effects, such as nausea and diarrhoea, were mostly gastrointestinal and were reported as mild and temporary.
The recommended dose for galantamine tablets is 16 or 24mg daily.